====== Thermal bridge calculation ======
[[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:thermal_bridge_definition|Thermal bridges]] are an important instrument for identifying in more detail the heat losses from the building envelope. In highly efficient buildings such as Passive Houses, the influence of these losses has to be minimised. In ideal cases this is referred to as [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:what_defines_thermal_bridge_free_design|thermal bridge free connections or thermal bridge free design]]. Besides the heat losses, surface temperatures can also be determined with the aid of heat flow simulations, which allow conclusions to be drawn regarding thermal comfort, moisture development and the risk of mould growth.

[{{ :picopen:kxtiso.png?nolink&200|Isothermenbild eines Balkonanschlusses}}]


====== Introduction ======
  * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:thermal_bridge_definition]]
  * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:what_defines_thermal_bridge_free_design]]
\\
  * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:thermal_bridge_software]]
  * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:basic_principle_for_calculating_thermal_bridges]]
  * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:examples]]

===== Calculating thermal bridges=====

^ Area^ Examples^ Norms ^
| Opaque building component connections| Roof connections, ceiling/floor connections, wall corners...  | DIN EN ISO 10211                          |
| Transparent building components      | Windows, mullion-transom constructions ...               | DIN EN ISO 10077                           |
| Ground-contact components       | Surface foundations, heated and unheated basements ...    | DIN EN ISO 13370 \\ DIN EN ISO 10211      |
| Punctiform thermal bridges    | Penetrations by supports, anchors, façade dowels, ...         | DIN EN ISO 10211                          |

The procedures for calculating thermal bridges differ for the various areas of the building envelope. The different procedures are discussed below.

=====Thermal bridges in building components in contact with the ground=====
[{{ :picopen:3dkeller.jpg?250|}}]

  * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:ground_contact:ground_contact]]
  * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:ground_contact:procedure]] \\


=== Detailed examples ===


    * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:examples:ewfs]]
    * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:examples:iwfs]]
    * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:examples:heatedb]]
    * [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_bridges:tbcalculation:examples:unheatedb]]