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basics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per [2020/09/14 13:40] – created alangbasics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per [2024/04/19 11:58] (current) – [Passive House Classes] jgrovesmith
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-======Primary Energy Renewable - PER======+======Primary Energy Renewable PER======
  
 Welcome to the Primary Energy Renewable (PER) landing page.  Here you will be able to find an introduction to the topic of PER and further articles that explain the various aspects of this subject area. Welcome to the Primary Energy Renewable (PER) landing page.  Here you will be able to find an introduction to the topic of PER and further articles that explain the various aspects of this subject area.
  
-=====Overview===== 
 ====Assessment methods for buildings===== ====Assessment methods for buildings=====
  
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   * Primary energy (PE) (non-renewable) or    * Primary energy (PE) (non-renewable) or 
-  * the greenhouse gas impact, indicated by the emissions units of CO2-equivalent, the so called Global Warming Potential (GWP).+  * the greenhouse gas impact, indicated by CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emissions, or the so called Global Warming Potential (GWP).
  
-Presently our main concern is the reduction of greenhouse gasses, GWP (which PE is related to), and the transition to a non-fossil-based energy supply, which will take place over several decades. Buildings constructed today will have longer life cycles than just the transition phase to a non-fossil based society and hence they will also be used in the post-transition era.  +Presently our main concern is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the transition to a non-fossil-based energy supply, which will take place over several decades. Buildings constructed today will have longer life cycles than just the transition phase to a non-fossil based society and hence they will also be used in the post-transition era.  
-During the transition phase, PE and GWP factors are changing, and will finally approach zero as we reach a society powered by 100% renewable energy. Does this mean, buildings, regardless of their construction, become better and better and their (final) energy use doesn’t matter? +During the transition phase, PE and  CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emission factors are changing, and will finally approach zero as we reach a society powered by 100% renewable energy. Does this mean, buildings, regardless of their construction, become better and better and their (final) energy use doesn’t matter? 
  
 The above-mentioned assessment methods suggest this, but obviously, this is not the case. Renewable energy must be generated, delivered, and often stored. Renewable energy needs infrastructure and space which will become a decisive limiting factor. We want affordable renewable energy for all, and for all applications. For these reasons, energy use must be efficient: energy efficiency is the prerequisite for effective renewable energy supply. Bearing  in mind that a third of the total energy consumed in developed countries is required for operating buildings, we realise how important this sector is for the transition, and obviously the traditional assessment methods are not adequate for this future scenario.  The above-mentioned assessment methods suggest this, but obviously, this is not the case. Renewable energy must be generated, delivered, and often stored. Renewable energy needs infrastructure and space which will become a decisive limiting factor. We want affordable renewable energy for all, and for all applications. For these reasons, energy use must be efficient: energy efficiency is the prerequisite for effective renewable energy supply. Bearing  in mind that a third of the total energy consumed in developed countries is required for operating buildings, we realise how important this sector is for the transition, and obviously the traditional assessment methods are not adequate for this future scenario. 
  
-[{{ :picopen:per_landing_fig_1.png?800 |**Fig 1: Primary Energy Rating: From PE to PER**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_1.png?800 |**Fig 1: Primary Energy Rating: From PE to PER**}}]
  
 ====Sustainable buildings for a sustainable future==== ====Sustainable buildings for a sustainable future====
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 Zero, Net Zero, Nearly Zero, Plus: these assessment systems already account for renewables generated on site (or nearby). Here final energy needs or uses are balanced with energy production. But energy demand and renewable energy supply are not synchronized. Therefore, energy must be stored until it is needed, and of course, this requires additional energy which must be considered. Seasonal disparities in energy production and consumption are particularly problematic: Net zero buildings typically require most energy in winter, which must be generated in summer and stored for the winter. This does not only require extra energy, but it is also very expensive since the storage can only be used once a year. Therefore, it is advisable to build more efficient buildings, especially to reduce energy demand in seasons where there is insufficient renewable energy available to address the demand. Zero, Net Zero, Nearly Zero, Plus: these assessment systems already account for renewables generated on site (or nearby). Here final energy needs or uses are balanced with energy production. But energy demand and renewable energy supply are not synchronized. Therefore, energy must be stored until it is needed, and of course, this requires additional energy which must be considered. Seasonal disparities in energy production and consumption are particularly problematic: Net zero buildings typically require most energy in winter, which must be generated in summer and stored for the winter. This does not only require extra energy, but it is also very expensive since the storage can only be used once a year. Therefore, it is advisable to build more efficient buildings, especially to reduce energy demand in seasons where there is insufficient renewable energy available to address the demand.
  
-[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_2.png?250|**Fig 2: The net-zero Low energy building (LEH) has a lot of PV, both on the roof and the façade. But it still needs much more energy in winter, which comes from either non-renewable sources, or from seasonal storage. This needs a lot of energy which must also be accounted for. (Example: a low energy building in a cool temperate climate, all electricity for heating and DHW with heat pumps, and appliances.). Not only is it far from zero, but it will become very expensive with so much energy to be seasonally stored...**}}][{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_3.png?250|**Fig. 3: The same building as a Passive House:  a winter gap remains but it uses much less energy in this season when storage is needed... With the same amount of PV generation, the additional winter demand is only 20 % when compared with the low energy building.**}}][{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_4.png?250|**Fig. 4: In the case of the Passive House, the number of PV modules and the corresponding energy production can easily be reduced (e.g. for multi-storey buildings) without affecting the “gap” too much. The amount to be taken from the storage would still be low. This demonstrates energy efficient buildings are critically important for an effective transition to a renewable supply**}}]+|[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_2.png?250|**Fig 2: The net-zero Low energy building (LEH) has a lot of PV, both on the roof and the façade. But it still needs much more energy in winter, which comes from either non-renewable sources, or from seasonal storage. This needs a lot of energy which must also be accounted for. (Example: a low energy building in a cool temperate climate, all electricity for heating and DHW with heat pumps, and appliances.). Not only is it far from zero, but it will become very expensive with so much energy to be seasonally stored...**}}]|[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_3.png?250|**Fig. 3: The same building as a Passive House:  a winter gap remains but it uses much less energy in this season when storage is needed... With the same amount of PV generation, the additional winter demand is only 20 % when compared with the low energy building.**}}]|[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_4.png?250|**Fig. 4: In the case of the Passive House, the number of PV modules and the corresponding energy production can easily be reduced (e.g. for multi-storey buildings) without affecting the “gap” too much. The amount to be taken from the storage would still be low. This demonstrates energy efficient buildings are critically important for an effective transition to a renewable supply**}}]|
  
  
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 In this way, PER factors depend only on the location of the building, the application (e.g. heating, cooling or specific electricity), and the final energy carrier. They do not depend on the actual supply system. They are local physical parameters, such as climate data. In practice, they are automatically provided with the PHPP, in the same way the climate data sets are. In this way, PER factors depend only on the location of the building, the application (e.g. heating, cooling or specific electricity), and the final energy carrier. They do not depend on the actual supply system. They are local physical parameters, such as climate data. In practice, they are automatically provided with the PHPP, in the same way the climate data sets are.
  
-[[certification:passive_house_categories:per|The PER sustainability assessment]]+[[certification:passive_house_categories:per|PER-factors for electricity use]]
  
 [[basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade|Passive House – the next decade.]] [[basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade|Passive House – the next decade.]]
  
-====Energy use and energy generation====+{{ :picopen:per_sustainable_energy_supply.pdf |PER - The assessment for a sustainable energy supply - 1 Page Information for download}} 
 + 
 + 
 +==== Energy use and energy generation ====
  
 For both energy demand and, if applicable, generation at the building site, the Primary energy renewable is calculated. For the assessment, these have different reference values. For both energy demand and, if applicable, generation at the building site, the Primary energy renewable is calculated. For the assessment, these have different reference values.
- +
 The primary energy renewable demand is measured against the value of the service, which is represented by the useful space of the building, the so-called “Treated floor area (TFA)”. The primary energy renewable demand is measured against the value of the service, which is represented by the useful space of the building, the so-called “Treated floor area (TFA)”.
- +
 The primary energy renewable generation is measured against the limited resources which the building possesses, which is the area it occupies, so that it is no longer available for other uses. We call it the “Projected building footprint (PBF)”. The primary energy renewable generation is measured against the limited resources which the building possesses, which is the area it occupies, so that it is no longer available for other uses. We call it the “Projected building footprint (PBF)”.
-  
-Therefore, the specific PER values for demand and generation cannot be balanced directly and remain as two distinct dimensions of the assessment.  
  
-[{{ :picopen:per_landing_fig_5.png?800 |**Fig. 5: In both situation on the left and the right, the same useful (heated or cooled) space is provided. They differ in the in the space for the energy production, but in the same relation in the building footprint, so the specific PER generation will be similar.  Assuming they have the same energy demands, their PER assessments will be the same.**}}]+Therefore, the specific PER values for demand and generation cannot be balanced directly and remain as two distinct dimensions of the assessment. 
 + 
 +[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_5.png?800 |**Fig. 5: In both situation on the left and the right, the same useful (heated or cooled) space is provided. They differ in the in the space for the energy production, but in the same relation in the building footprint, so the specific PER generation will be similar. Assuming they have the same energy demands, their PER assessments will be the same.**}}] 
  
 ====Passive House Classes==== ====Passive House Classes====
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 It is essential to note that the functional definition of the Passive House standard remains unchanged and is the same for all three Passive House classes (relating to useful energy demand for heating and cooling, as well as airtightness and comfort criteria). For the three classes, thresholds for PER demand are defined as well as for PER generation. The demand includes all energy applications in a building i.e. the heating and cooling energy, as well as hot water, the complete electricity demand, and any auxiliary electricity to provide the energy services. The higher the achieved level of overall efficiency and of renewable energy generation, the higher the Passive House class according to the thresholds as listed in Table 1. This makes the Passive House an ideal blueprint for the NZEB standard.  It is essential to note that the functional definition of the Passive House standard remains unchanged and is the same for all three Passive House classes (relating to useful energy demand for heating and cooling, as well as airtightness and comfort criteria). For the three classes, thresholds for PER demand are defined as well as for PER generation. The demand includes all energy applications in a building i.e. the heating and cooling energy, as well as hot water, the complete electricity demand, and any auxiliary electricity to provide the energy services. The higher the achieved level of overall efficiency and of renewable energy generation, the higher the Passive House class according to the thresholds as listed in Table 1. This makes the Passive House an ideal blueprint for the NZEB standard. 
  
-[{{ :picopen:per_landing_table_1.png?direct |**Table 1: Requirements for the Passive House classes with respect to the overall energy efficiency and renewable energy generation**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_table_1.png?direct|**Table 1: Requirements for the Passive House classes with respect to the overall energy efficiency and renewable energy generation**}}]
  
-[[certification:passive_house_categories|The new Passive House Classes]] 
  
-[[certification:passive_house_categories:classic-plus-premium|Classic, Plus, Premium: The new Passive House classes and how they can be reached]]+Further articles on Passive House Classes:   
 + 
 +[[certification:passive_house_categories|The Passive House Classes: Classic, Plus and Premium]] 
 + 
 +[[certification:passive_house_categories:classic-plus-premium|The Passive House classes and examples of how they can be reached]]
 \\ \\  \\ \\ 
 ---- ----
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-=====The new Passive House Classes===== +===== iPHA Fact Sheets and webinars related to PER and Passive House Classes =====
- +
-Renewable energy is the ideal complement to the energy efficiency of the Passive House Standard. In order to provide reliable guidance for this combination, the Passive House Institute has introduced new categories for its building certification; in addition to the established “Passive House Classic”, there are (starting with the publication of PHPP 9) the Passive House Plus and Passive House Premium classes. A new evaluation procedure, focusing on Primary Energy Renewable (PER), serves as the basis for the extension of Passive House Certification. +
- +
-[{{ :picopen:20150311_passivehouseclasses_press_release_phi.jpg?600 |**Figure 6: The Passive House Classes**}}] +
-  +
-**iPHA Fact Sheets related to PER and Passive House Classes:**+
  
 [[phi_publications:2015_vol.4.1_renewable_primary_energy_-_the_future_evaluation_system|No. 1: Renewable Primary Energy - the future evaluation system]] [[phi_publications:2015_vol.4.1_renewable_primary_energy_-_the_future_evaluation_system|No. 1: Renewable Primary Energy - the future evaluation system]]
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 [[phi_publications:2020_vol.3_per_factors_-_for_electricity_use|No. 5: PER Factors - for electricity use]] [[phi_publications:2020_vol.3_per_factors_-_for_electricity_use|No. 5: PER Factors - for electricity use]]
-\\ \\ + 
 +iPHA webinar, April 2022: [[webinars:assessing_sustainability_co2_pe_and_per]]
  
 ---- ----
-=====Literature and Further Reading======+===== Literature and Further Reading =====
  
-Feist, Wolfgang: Energy concepts – the Passive House in comparison. In: Conference Proceedings of the 17th International Passive House Conference, Frankfurt/Darmstadt 2013. +Feist, Wolfgang: Energy concepts – the Passive House in comparison. In: Conference Proceedings of the 17th International Passive House Conference, Frankfurt/Darmstadt 2013.
  
-Feist, Wolfgang: Passive House – the next decade. In: Conference Proceedings of the 18th International Passive House Conference, Aachen/Darmstadt 2014. +Feist, Wolfgang: Passive House – the next decade. In: Conference Proceedings of the 18th International Passive House Conference, Aachen/Darmstadt 2014.
  
-Grove-Smith, Jessica and Feist, Wolfgang. The PER assessment method... Conference Proceedings: 19th International Passive House Conference. Innsbruck/Darmstadt, 2015+Grove-Smith, Jessica and Feist, Wolfgang. The PER assessment method… Conference Proceedings: 19th International Passive House Conference. Innsbruck/Darmstadt, 2015
  
-Grove-Smith, Jessica; Wolfgang Feist; Benjamin Krick: Balancing energy efficiency and renewable energies: An assessment concept for nearly zero-energy buildings. In: Bertoldi, P. JRC of European Commission (ed.): 9th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities, 2016.  p. 894-902. [[https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/9th-international-conference-improving-energy-efficiency-commercial-buildings-and-smart-communities|Link to external article here]] +Grove-Smith, Jessica; Wolfgang Feist; Benjamin Krick: Balancing energy efficiency and renewable energies: An assessment concept for nearly zero-energy buildings. In: Bertoldi, P. JRC of European Commission (ed.): 9th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities, 2016. p. 894-902. [[https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/9th-international-conference-improving-energy-efficiency-commercial-buildings-and-smart-communities|Link to external article here]]
- +
-[Feist 2013] Feist, W.: Energy concepts – the Passive House in comparison. In: Conference Proceedings of the 17th International Passive House Conference, Frankfurt, April 2013. \\+
  
 [[https://blog.passivehouse-international.org/renewable-energy-future/|iPHA Blog Bronwyn Barry Our all-renewable energy future: Passive House Plus & Premium]] [[https://blog.passivehouse-international.org/renewable-energy-future/|iPHA Blog Bronwyn Barry Our all-renewable energy future: Passive House Plus & Premium]]
 +
 +[[:affiliate_literature:primer_energy_renewable|iPHA Affiliate Literature - Passive House and Renewable Energies]]
 +
 +\\
 +\\
 +Read also in [[https://passipedia.de/grundlagen/energiewirtschaft_und_oekologie/erneuerbare_primaerenergie_per|German]], [[.:energia_primaria_renovable_per|Spanish]].
  
  
basics/energy_and_ecology/primary_energy_renewable_per.1600083615.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/09/14 13:40 by alang