examples:residential_buildings:single_-_family_houses:central_europe:the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany
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examples:residential_buildings:single_-_family_houses:central_europe:the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany [2015/09/16 00:20] – [From the low-energy house to the Passive House] central Europe wfeist | examples:residential_buildings:single_-_family_houses:central_europe:the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany [2015/09/16 01:00] – [Conclusion] link history wfeist | ||
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- | |//**__Fig. 1 - Simulation results at the beginning: | + | |//**__Fig. 1 - Simulation results at the beginning: |
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- | **It was quickly realised that energy optimisation for buildings should not be limited solely to heating energy; in fact, all household energy consumption had to be minimised.** Otherwise it would be possible to reduce the heating energy requirement to " | + | **It was quickly realised that energy optimisation for buildings should not be limited solely to heating energy; in fact, all household energy consumption had to be minimised.** Otherwise it would be possible to reduce the heating energy requirement to " |
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* alternative architectural drafts were prepared, | * alternative architectural drafts were prepared, | ||
* the efficiency of ventilation heat recovery units was improved, | * the efficiency of ventilation heat recovery units was improved, | ||
- | * ventilation | + | * ventilation |
* new specially insulated window frames and shutters were developed, | * new specially insulated window frames and shutters were developed, | ||
- | * construction details for the connection of building components were designed, | + | * low thermal bridge |
* solar heating technologies and a concept for heat recovery from waste water were developed.\\ | * solar heating technologies and a concept for heat recovery from waste water were developed.\\ | ||
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* and a subsoil heat exchanger for preheating the fresh air were used. | * and a subsoil heat exchanger for preheating the fresh air were used. | ||
- | The house has extremely good thermal insulation, which has functioned outstandingly since the house was occupied | + | The house has extremely good thermal insulation, which has functioned outstandingly since the house was occupied |
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[[examples: | [[examples: | ||
- | * The hot water is heated using solar vacuum | + | * The hot water is heated using solar vacuum |
- | * Natural gas is used for secondary heating. The flat-collector thermal system covers about 66% of the consumption in the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein. | + | * Natural gas is used for secondary heating. The flat-collector thermal system covers about 66% of the dhw consumption in the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein. |
* Because the provision of domestic hot water represents the greatest energy requirement of this house, an efficient domestic hot water system is of great importance. The heat distribution and circulation pipes have therefore been placed inside the thermal envelope and are well insulated.\\ | * Because the provision of domestic hot water represents the greatest energy requirement of this house, an efficient domestic hot water system is of great importance. The heat distribution and circulation pipes have therefore been placed inside the thermal envelope and are well insulated.\\ | ||
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=== Heat Recovery === | === Heat Recovery === | ||
- | A Passive House can only function with a **[[planning: | + | A Passive House in the Central European Climate |
Thus in Kranichstein a balanced supply air and exhaust air ventilation system with a highly efficient counterflow air-to-air heat exchanger was used - but it had to be specially adapted for this purpose because at the time, the fans used had a very high electricity consumption. | Thus in Kranichstein a balanced supply air and exhaust air ventilation system with a highly efficient counterflow air-to-air heat exchanger was used - but it had to be specially adapted for this purpose because at the time, the fans used had a very high electricity consumption. | ||
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* At the highest setting, between 160 and 185 m³/h are supplied. | * At the highest setting, between 160 and 185 m³/h are supplied. | ||
- | Exhaust | + | Extract |
- | * heat recovery efficiency of over 80%, | + | * heat recovery efficiency of more than 80%, |
* electricity consumption of less than 0.4 Wh/m³ transferred air - see the certified units at [[http:// | * electricity consumption of less than 0.4 Wh/m³ transferred air - see the certified units at [[http:// | ||
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The Passive House in Kranichstein was finished in October 1991 and has been inhabited by four families since then. The interior finish materials were selected to create as little indoor air pollution as possible. The insulating materials are airtightly separated from the interior by continuous interior plaster or vapour retarders without any gaps – as appropriate from a building physics perspective. The good air quality was confirmed by a separate investigation within the context of a social science study, which objectified user acceptance [[examples: | The Passive House in Kranichstein was finished in October 1991 and has been inhabited by four families since then. The interior finish materials were selected to create as little indoor air pollution as possible. The insulating materials are airtightly separated from the interior by continuous interior plaster or vapour retarders without any gaps – as appropriate from a building physics perspective. The good air quality was confirmed by a separate investigation within the context of a social science study, which objectified user acceptance [[examples: | ||
- | Due to particularly well-insulating and airtight sliding shutters as temporary heat protection, it was even possible to operate one of the accommodation units as a " | + | Due to particularly well-insulating and airtight sliding shutters as temporary heat protection, it was even possible to operate one of the accommodation units as a " |
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- | Scientists, architects, engineers and other contributors from various disciplines played a part in making the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein a success. The author would like to express thanks to all those involved. The preparation of the experimental construction was based on the results of many forerunner projects and on findings from building physics, building engineering and systematic computer-assisted systems analysis.\\ | + | Scientists, architects, engineers and other contributors from various disciplines played a part in making the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein a success. The author would like to express thanks to all those involved. The preparation of the experimental construction was based on the results of many [[basics: |
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