planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:internal_heat_gains_in_relation_to_living_area
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planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:internal_heat_gains_in_relation_to_living_area [2015/09/01 13:57] – [8Hot water] kdreimane | planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:internal_heat_gains_in_relation_to_living_area [2022/04/26 21:52] (current) – [5Auxiliary electricity] jschnieders | ||
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The average occupancy of a dwelling depends on the size of the dwelling. For Germany, data from [Zensus 2011] is available regarding this, from which the average value for the number of persons per dwelling unit (more exactly: the number of persons who inhabit this dwelling; temporary absence will be taken into account later on) can be calculated as a function of the dwelling size. An excellent fit of this data is achieved with a function of the form | The average occupancy of a dwelling depends on the size of the dwelling. For Germany, data from [Zensus 2011] is available regarding this, from which the average value for the number of persons per dwelling unit (more exactly: the number of persons who inhabit this dwelling; temporary absence will be taken into account later on) can be calculated as a function of the dwelling size. An excellent fit of this data is achieved with a function of the form | ||
- | \\ \\ | + | $$ |
- | \begin{eqnarray*} | + | n=1+a(1-e^{-b(A-c)^2})+d\cdot A |
- | & & | + | $$ |
- | \end{eqnarray*} | + | |
where\\ | where\\ | ||
**n**: number of persons per DU \\ | **n**: number of persons per DU \\ | ||
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Of the household appliances in the list below, one appliance was assumed for each dwelling unit. The best appliances available on the market in terms of energy efficiency were chosen based on [Spargeräte 2014] and [Ecotopten 2014]. In the cases indicated with a *, the stated consumption was multiplied by 1.5 in order to compensate for standby losses and potential optimisation of the appliances to the test cycle (testing in the eco-programme, | Of the household appliances in the list below, one appliance was assumed for each dwelling unit. The best appliances available on the market in terms of energy efficiency were chosen based on [Spargeräte 2014] and [Ecotopten 2014]. In the cases indicated with a *, the stated consumption was multiplied by 1.5 in order to compensate for standby losses and potential optimisation of the appliances to the test cycle (testing in the eco-programme, | ||
* Dishwasher with cold water connection, A+++, 0.69* kWh per rinse cycle | * Dishwasher with cold water connection, A+++, 0.69* kWh per rinse cycle | ||
+ | |||
* Washing machine with cold water connection, A+++, 0.66* kWh per wash cycle | * Washing machine with cold water connection, A+++, 0.66* kWh per wash cycle | ||
+ | |||
* Heat pump dryer, 1.0 kWh per use with 7 kg | * Heat pump dryer, 1.0 kWh per use with 7 kg | ||
- | | + | |
+ | | ||
+ | |||
* Induction cooker, 0.2 kWh per use | * Induction cooker, 0.2 kWh per use | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
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Thus the following heat gains will arise per person: | Thus the following heat gains will arise per person: | ||
* Lighting using 100% energy saving lamps (fluorescent lamps as well as LED lamps are possible; older measurements still include a large proportion of incandescent lamps) | * Lighting using 100% energy saving lamps (fluorescent lamps as well as LED lamps are possible; older measurements still include a large proportion of incandescent lamps) | ||
+ | |||
* Electronics etc. 250 W during 550 hours per person per year | * Electronics etc. 250 W during 550 hours per person per year | ||
+ | |||
* Small devices 50 kWh per person per year (specified value in the PHPP as before) | * Small devices 50 kWh per person per year (specified value in the PHPP as before) | ||
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Auxiliary electricity consumptions depend strongly on the systems used. For the standard case, underfloor heating (optimised for electrical supply with an efficient heat pump, may also allow simple daytime storage of renewable energy) in combination with an optimised hot water circulating system (hot water storage tank for reducing the load on the grid, 60 °C) is assumed. This results in the following sources of released heat from auxiliary electricity uses: | Auxiliary electricity consumptions depend strongly on the systems used. For the standard case, underfloor heating (optimised for electrical supply with an efficient heat pump, may also allow simple daytime storage of renewable energy) in combination with an optimised hot water circulating system (hot water storage tank for reducing the load on the grid, 60 °C) is assumed. This results in the following sources of released heat from auxiliary electricity uses: | ||
- | * Unordered List ItemHeating | + | * Heating |
* Hot water circulation 5 W per dwelling unit, operating time 24 h/d | * Hot water circulation 5 W per dwelling unit, operating time 24 h/d | ||
+ | |||
* Hot water storage tank charging pump 1 W per person, operating time 24 h/d (the heat pump operates continuously, | * Hot water storage tank charging pump 1 W per person, operating time 24 h/d (the heat pump operates continuously, | ||
+ | |||
* Primary pumps and fans of the heat pump are not accounted as IHG, as waste heat from these is released into the outdoor air. | * Primary pumps and fans of the heat pump are not accounted as IHG, as waste heat from these is released into the outdoor air. | ||
+ | |||
* A solar thermal system is not considered | * A solar thermal system is not considered | ||
+ | |||
* The electricity consumption of the ventilation system is already taken into account in the heat recovery efficiency, so counting this again as IHG would not be correct. | * The electricity consumption of the ventilation system is already taken into account in the heat recovery efficiency, so counting this again as IHG would not be correct. | ||
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\end{eqnarray*} | \end{eqnarray*} | ||
- | It is slightly flatter than the IHG calculated in accordance with the model described above (orange coloured line in Figure 6). IHG that are higher than the standard PHPP value of 4.1 W/m² for homes, as would result for dwelling units with a living area of less than 20 m², are not taken into account. Whether the assumptions made for such small dwellings are still correct requires more closer examination (Are all the usual household appliances present and are they within the thermal envelope? Is the presence of occupants similar to that in larger dwelling units? Does calculation of the hot water losses still make sense?). | + | It is slightly flatter than the IHG calculated in accordance with the model described above (orange coloured line in Figure 6). IHG that are higher than the standard PHPP value of 4.1 W/m² for homes, as would result for dwelling units with a living area of less than 25 m², are not taken into account. Whether the assumptions made for such small dwellings are still correct requires more closer examination (Are all the usual household appliances present and are they within the thermal envelope? Is the presence of occupants similar to that in larger dwelling units? Does calculation of the hot water losses still make sense?). |
[{{picopen: | [{{picopen: | ||
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+ | |//The sole responsibility for the content of Passipedia lies with the authors. \\ | ||
+ | While certain marked articles have been created with the support of the EU, they do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union; \\ | ||
+ | Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.//| \\ | ||
==== 12 References ==== | ==== 12 References ==== | ||
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\\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
- | //Die alleinige Verantwortung für den Inhalt dieser Publikation liegt bei den AutorInnen. Sie gibt nicht unbedingt die Meinung der Europäischen Union wieder. Weder die EASME noch die Europäische Kommission übernehmen Verantwortung für jegliche Verwendung der darin enthaltenen Informationen.// | + | |
+ | ---- | ||
+ | //Energy labels mentioned in the article refer to the EU labels applicable before 01 March 2021.// |
planning/calculating_energy_efficiency/phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package/internal_heat_gains_in_relation_to_living_area.1441108621.txt.gz · Last modified: 2015/09/01 13:57 by kdreimane