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--- planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:internal_heat_gains_in_relation_to_living_area [2022/04/26 14:59] – [2Actual electricity consumption depending on household size] - Absatzabstände korrigiert jschnieders
+++ planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:internal_heat_gains_in_relation_to_living_area [2022/04/26 21:52] (current) – [5Auxiliary electricity] jschnieders
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 The energy agency in the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia (Energieagentur NRW) estimated the distribution of the electricity consumption in 300 000 homes based on detailed information provided on a website by the occupants themselves [NRW 2011]. Although these results are not representative, assessment was interesting due to the large sample and the high degree of detail.
 The measurements showed the separate electricity consumers depending on the number of persons per household. These are shown in the following chart broken down according to households with and without hot water generation. A straight line can be fitted to the data in order to obtain the share of the consumption depending on the household and on the number of persons.
 |{{:picopen:electricity_consumption_as_a_function_of_the_number_of_persons_in_a_household_1.png?640}} {{picopen:electricity_consumption_as_a_function_of_the_number_of_persons_in_a_household_2.png?640|}}|
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 From this data, it is thus possible to derive the individual amounts according to the systematology in the PHPP. This is of significance because it is not possible to count the entire electricity consumption as internal heat gains; the varying availability of the dissipated heat depending on the use must be taken into account.
 If this is done and the results are added to the typical occupancy density for Germany from Section 2, then the following correlation between dwelling unit size and internal heat gains will result for this sample:
-[{{picopen:internal_heat_gains_depending_on_the_living_area.png?630 |**Figure 3**: Internal heat gains depending on the living area, calculated based on [NRW 2011]}}]
+[{{picopen:internal_heat_gains_depending_on_the_living_area.png?630 |**Figure 3**: Internal heat gains depending on the living area, calculated based on [NRW 2011]}}]  \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
 The PHI points out that it is not permissible at all to use such high values for the planning of Passive Houses. There are several reasons for this: in the first place, attention is and must be given to a high level of efficiency of electricity applications particularly in Passive House buildings. In terms of planning, it is easy to influence the auxiliary electricity demand for example, which is still quite high in this sample [NRW 2011]. There is a significant improvement especially in the efficiency of household appliances and lighting currently, as is apparent from Figure 4. On account of regular replacement of older appliances, in the coming years further technological development and ecodesign guidelines of the EU will decrease power consumption in households even further. The data from [NRW 2011], which depicts the existing stock of appliances in the preceding years therefore only allows limited statements to be made about electricity consumption during the lifetime of the building – but exactly this is relevant for dimensioning and assessment.
 [{{:picopen:example_showing_improved_efficiency_of_household_appliances_sold_on_the_market_1.png?640|**Figure 4**: Example showing improved efficiency of household appliances sold on the market [EEA 2015]}}]
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 Approaches for individual contributions to internal heat gains of efficient electrical appliances in Passive Houses will therefore be inferred below, from which the standard values for IHG for residential use will result. However, the high values calculated in Figure 3 suggest that sensitivity analyses with increased IHG should be performed especially for small dwellings.
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 ==== 3	Approach for household appliances ====
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 Auxiliary electricity consumptions depend strongly on the systems used. For the standard case, underfloor heating (optimised for electrical supply with an efficient heat pump, may also allow simple daytime storage of renewable energy) in combination with an optimised hot water circulating system (hot water storage tank for reducing the load on the grid, 60 °C) is assumed. This results in the following sources of released heat from auxiliary electricity uses:
-  * Unordered List ItemHeating circulating pump, in a Passive House building 10 W/100 m² are sufficient in case of hydraulic balancing even with low temperature differences. It is assumed that a controllable pump is used.
+  * Heating circulating pump, in a Passive House building 10 W/100 m² are sufficient in case of hydraulic balancing even with low temperature differences. It is assumed that a controllable pump is used.
   * Hot water circulation 5 W per dwelling unit, operating time 24 h/d