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--- planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components:step-by-step_retrofits_towards_enerphit_standard_in_social_housing_in_spain [2016/09/29 12:05] – [3.2Treviana Social Housing] kdreimane
+++ planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components:step-by-step_retrofits_towards_enerphit_standard_in_social_housing_in_spain [2016/09/29 13:27] (current) – francis.bosenick@passiv.de
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+{{:picopen:iee_.png |}}         [[http://europhit.eu|{{ {{ :picopen:europhit_logo.png|}}]]  \\ \\
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 ====== Step-by-step Retrofits towards EnerPHit Standard in social housing in Spain ======
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-[{{:picopen:inner_insulation_thicknesses_study.png?900|Table 1: Inner insulation thicknesses study; VAND arquitectura}}]
+[{{:picopen:inner_insulation_thicknesses_study.png?750|Table 1: Inner insulation thicknesses study; VAND arquitectura}}]
+=== 3.2.3	Windows installation ===
+Figure 5: Improving airtightness: exterior wall – window connections;
+VAND arquitectura
+High-quality windows adequate to the Madrid climate and to the flat orientation are installed. (Uf = 0.98 W/(m2K), Ug = 0.5 W/(m2K), g = 0.35). Due to the south-west orientation, there is a high risk of overheating in summer. In addition to solar control glazing, roller shutters with electrical mechanism as protection against overheating.
+=== 3.2.4	Airtightness improvement ===
+{{:picopen:improving_airtightness_exterior_wall_window_connections.jpg?500 |}}
+Airtightness is improved by polypropylene (PP) mem¬branes and adequate tapes in window connections and systems conduct passages (Figure 5). The pressurisation test resulted in n50 = 6.0 /h in the original state of the flat, and the measured test result after finishing the first step works is 1.67 /h. This result will be improved when the old entrance door is changed to a more airtight model and when the airtightness works between neighbouring flats are carried out.
+\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
+=== 3.2.5	Ventilation system with heat recovery installation ===
+The mechanical ventilation unit is located in the bathroom false ceiling, and the distribution ducts run though the corridor ceiling. Madrid City regulations do not allow placing outside elements, such as outdoor and exhaust air grids, on the façade. In the present case, an exception was granted since the building is located outside the historical city centre, but this can be an additional difficulty in other cases.
+=== 3.2.6	Results ===
+The total energy efficiency improvements cost is 13,726 € (i.e. 176.88 €/m2).
+Since all the measures described above are related to works made on the flat from the inside and no common areas have been affected, neighbourhood association approval was not required. However, it will be necessary for the following steps (external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS), roof and basement ceiling insulation and thermal systems). The execution order of these cannot be specified since they will be carried out at the end of each component’s life cycle.
+The heating demand of the apartment is reduced in the first step by about 70 %, but the impact on the entire building is minimal because of its size.
+The apartment is inhabited since May 2015, and temperature, humidity and CO2 level are being monitored in three rooms (living room, main bedroom and kitchen) since October 2015. Monitoring results (till January 2016) show that the apartment was heated only by the three uninsulated heating pipes, which go up to upper floors. The room temperature is about 22 °C. Central heating systems in Madrid start working on November, 1st. During the first weeks, the interior temperatures were too high so that it was necessary to open the windows to avoid overheating. The humidity levels are below 50 %. CO2 levels are below 1000 ppm most of the day.
+==== 3.3	San Sebastián Social Housing ====
+[{{:picopen:social_housing_facade_san_roque_street.jpg?500|Figure 6: Social housing façade San Roque Street, San Sebastián;
+Albrecht Otxoa Errarte arquitectos}}]
+What was initially planned as a simple façade retrofit of a 10-dwelling building from 1953 (Figure 6), became a comprehensive high-efficiency energy retrofit together with other measures to reach the EnerPHit standard. These modifications were initiated thanks to the awareness-raising work done for months by the technicians involved in the project.
+Some difficulties arise because the work is done in the interior of the apartments, while the dwellers are still living in them during the retrofit process. In particular, the airtightness improvements have to be made between the original wall and the ETICS. The retrofit works that will be undertaken in the first step of the refurbishment plan are the following:
+ETICS installation (12 cm of EPS); last floor ceiling insulation; installation of new PVC windows (Uw = 0.9 W/(m²K)); installation of a ventilation system with 87 % heat recovery; airtightness improve¬ment from the outside.
+The building is located in a neighbourhood where most of the buildings have the same characteristics. All of them must be repaired in the next few years, so it would be interesting to set up a protocol for all of them.
+===== 4	Conclusions =====
+Barriers to carry out comprehensive energy refurbishments in social buildings are very high in Spain. The improvement of these buildings has a huge impact on the reduction of atmospheric emissions in Spanish cities, even if done step by step and apartment by apartment. Madrid, which has presented air pollution levels above the recommended in the last months, could reduce the central heating use drastically with simple measures that most of the owners can afford.
+Dissemination and awareness-raising works in neighbourhood associations are necessary to help owners to understand the effect of these simple measures and the quality that the works require.
+Furthermore, the creation of protocols to increase the quality of properties and the reduction of central heating and air conditioning use must be encouraged by the government. A strict control of the money to subsidise energy efficiency measures is essential to ensure success.
+===== 5	References =====
+Pobreza Energética en España. Análisis de Tendencias. Asociación de Ciencias Ambientales, 2014.
+Website of the European project EuroPHit: www.europhit.eu
+|//The sole responsibility for the content of Passipedia lies with the authors. \\
+While certain marked articles have been created with the support of the EU, they do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union; \\
+Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.//| \\
+\\