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basics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per [2024/04/18 22:49] – [Literature and Further Reading] jgrovesmithbasics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per [2024/04/26 00:10] (current) – [Energy use and energy generation] jgrovesmith
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 The above-mentioned assessment methods suggest this, but obviously, this is not the case. Renewable energy must be generated, delivered, and often stored. Renewable energy needs infrastructure and space which will become a decisive limiting factor. We want affordable renewable energy for all, and for all applications. For these reasons, energy use must be efficient: energy efficiency is the prerequisite for effective renewable energy supply. Bearing  in mind that a third of the total energy consumed in developed countries is required for operating buildings, we realise how important this sector is for the transition, and obviously the traditional assessment methods are not adequate for this future scenario.  The above-mentioned assessment methods suggest this, but obviously, this is not the case. Renewable energy must be generated, delivered, and often stored. Renewable energy needs infrastructure and space which will become a decisive limiting factor. We want affordable renewable energy for all, and for all applications. For these reasons, energy use must be efficient: energy efficiency is the prerequisite for effective renewable energy supply. Bearing  in mind that a third of the total energy consumed in developed countries is required for operating buildings, we realise how important this sector is for the transition, and obviously the traditional assessment methods are not adequate for this future scenario. 
  
-[{{ :picopen:per_landing_fig_1.png?800 |**Fig 1: Primary Energy Rating: From PE to PER**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_1.png?600 |**Fig 1: Primary Energy Rating: From PE to PER**}}]
  
 ====Sustainable buildings for a sustainable future==== ====Sustainable buildings for a sustainable future====
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 Zero, Net Zero, Nearly Zero, Plus: these assessment systems already account for renewables generated on site (or nearby). Here final energy needs or uses are balanced with energy production. But energy demand and renewable energy supply are not synchronized. Therefore, energy must be stored until it is needed, and of course, this requires additional energy which must be considered. Seasonal disparities in energy production and consumption are particularly problematic: Net zero buildings typically require most energy in winter, which must be generated in summer and stored for the winter. This does not only require extra energy, but it is also very expensive since the storage can only be used once a year. Therefore, it is advisable to build more efficient buildings, especially to reduce energy demand in seasons where there is insufficient renewable energy available to address the demand. Zero, Net Zero, Nearly Zero, Plus: these assessment systems already account for renewables generated on site (or nearby). Here final energy needs or uses are balanced with energy production. But energy demand and renewable energy supply are not synchronized. Therefore, energy must be stored until it is needed, and of course, this requires additional energy which must be considered. Seasonal disparities in energy production and consumption are particularly problematic: Net zero buildings typically require most energy in winter, which must be generated in summer and stored for the winter. This does not only require extra energy, but it is also very expensive since the storage can only be used once a year. Therefore, it is advisable to build more efficient buildings, especially to reduce energy demand in seasons where there is insufficient renewable energy available to address the demand.
  
-[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_2.png?250|**Fig 2: The net-zero Low energy building (LEH) has a lot of PV, both on the roof and the façade. But it still needs much more energy in winter, which comes from either non-renewable sources, or from seasonal storage. This needs a lot of energy which must also be accounted for. (Example: a low energy building in a cool temperate climate, all electricity for heating and DHW with heat pumps, and appliances.). Not only is it far from zero, but it will become very expensive with so much energy to be seasonally stored...**}}][{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_3.png?250|**Fig. 3: The same building as a Passive House:  a winter gap remains but it uses much less energy in this season when storage is needed... With the same amount of PV generation, the additional winter demand is only 20 % when compared with the low energy building.**}}][{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_4.png?250|**Fig. 4: In the case of the Passive House, the number of PV modules and the corresponding energy production can easily be reduced (e.g. for multi-storey buildings) without affecting the “gap” too much. The amount to be taken from the storage would still be low. This demonstrates energy efficient buildings are critically important for an effective transition to a renewable supply**}}]+|[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_2.png?250|**Fig 2: The net-zero Low energy building (LEH) has a lot of PV, both on the roof and the façade. But it still needs much more energy in winter, which comes from either non-renewable sources, or from seasonal storage. This needs a lot of energy which must also be accounted for. (Example: a low energy building in a cool temperate climate, all electricity for heating and DHW with heat pumps, and appliances.). Not only is it far from zero, but it will become very expensive with so much energy to be seasonally stored...**}}]|[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_3.png?250|**Fig. 3: The same building as a Passive House:  a winter gap remains but it uses much less energy in this season when storage is needed... With the same amount of PV generation, the additional winter demand is only 20 % when compared with the low energy building.**}}]|[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_4.png?250|**Fig. 4: In the case of the Passive House, the number of PV modules and the corresponding energy production can easily be reduced (e.g. for multi-storey buildings) without affecting the “gap” too much. The amount to be taken from the storage would still be low. This demonstrates energy efficient buildings are critically important for an effective transition to a renewable supply**}}]|
  
  
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 Therefore, the specific PER values for demand and generation cannot be balanced directly and remain as two distinct dimensions of the assessment. Therefore, the specific PER values for demand and generation cannot be balanced directly and remain as two distinct dimensions of the assessment.
  
-[{{ :picopen:per_landing_fig_5.png?800 |**Fig. 5: In both situation on the left and the right, the same useful (heated or cooled) space is provided. They differ in the in the space for the energy production, but in the same relation in the building footprint, so the specific PER generation will be similar. Assuming they have the same energy demands, their PER assessments will be the same.**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_5.png?600 |**Fig. 5: In both situation on the left and the right, the same useful (heated or cooled) space is provided. They differ in the in the space for the energy production, but in the same relation in the building footprint, so the specific PER generation will be similar. Assuming they have the same energy demands, their PER assessments will be the same.**}}]
  
  
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 It is essential to note that the functional definition of the Passive House standard remains unchanged and is the same for all three Passive House classes (relating to useful energy demand for heating and cooling, as well as airtightness and comfort criteria). For the three classes, thresholds for PER demand are defined as well as for PER generation. The demand includes all energy applications in a building i.e. the heating and cooling energy, as well as hot water, the complete electricity demand, and any auxiliary electricity to provide the energy services. The higher the achieved level of overall efficiency and of renewable energy generation, the higher the Passive House class according to the thresholds as listed in Table 1. This makes the Passive House an ideal blueprint for the NZEB standard.  It is essential to note that the functional definition of the Passive House standard remains unchanged and is the same for all three Passive House classes (relating to useful energy demand for heating and cooling, as well as airtightness and comfort criteria). For the three classes, thresholds for PER demand are defined as well as for PER generation. The demand includes all energy applications in a building i.e. the heating and cooling energy, as well as hot water, the complete electricity demand, and any auxiliary electricity to provide the energy services. The higher the achieved level of overall efficiency and of renewable energy generation, the higher the Passive House class according to the thresholds as listed in Table 1. This makes the Passive House an ideal blueprint for the NZEB standard. 
  
-[{{ :picopen:per_landing_table_1.png?direct |**Table 1: Requirements for the Passive House classes with respect to the overall energy efficiency and renewable energy generation**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_table_1.png?direct|**Table 1: Requirements for the Passive House classes with respect to the overall energy efficiency and renewable energy generation**}}] 
  
 Further articles on Passive House Classes:   Further articles on Passive House Classes:  
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 Grove-Smith, Jessica; Wolfgang Feist; Benjamin Krick: Balancing energy efficiency and renewable energies: An assessment concept for nearly zero-energy buildings. In: Bertoldi, P. JRC of European Commission (ed.): 9th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities, 2016. p. 894-902. [[https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/9th-international-conference-improving-energy-efficiency-commercial-buildings-and-smart-communities|Link to external article here]] Grove-Smith, Jessica; Wolfgang Feist; Benjamin Krick: Balancing energy efficiency and renewable energies: An assessment concept for nearly zero-energy buildings. In: Bertoldi, P. JRC of European Commission (ed.): 9th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities, 2016. p. 894-902. [[https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/9th-international-conference-improving-energy-efficiency-commercial-buildings-and-smart-communities|Link to external article here]]
 +
 +[[https://outphit.eu/media/filer_public/23/f8/23f86d16-7b27-4a26-950c-40e11c045bf8/d68_outphit_adequatenetzeroratingapproach.pdf|Adequate net zero rating approach chosen for case study projects]]. A report written in context of the [[https://outphit.eu/|outPHit]] project.
  
 [[https://blog.passivehouse-international.org/renewable-energy-future/|iPHA Blog Bronwyn Barry Our all-renewable energy future: Passive House Plus & Premium]] [[https://blog.passivehouse-international.org/renewable-energy-future/|iPHA Blog Bronwyn Barry Our all-renewable energy future: Passive House Plus & Premium]]
basics/energy_and_ecology/primary_energy_renewable_per.1713473360.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/04/18 22:49 by jgrovesmith